风景园林与公共卫生：共识、分野与融汇 ——2次公共卫生革命视野下的学科关系审视

面对新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)所引发的肺炎疫情,基于“学科演进”这一特殊视角,关联性地审视“风景园林学”所面对的公共卫生和公众健康问题。在概述风景园林和公共卫生简史的基础上,重点结合第一次和第二次公共卫生革命,依据相关时间序列和历史事件梳理、勾勒出“风景园林-公共卫生”两大学科关联演进的大体脉络和历史图景。研究表明,正是第一次公共卫生革命,使现代风景园林和现代公共卫生从共识走向分野;而第二次公共卫生革命,又使现代风景园林和现代公共卫生从分野走向融汇。     

施工企业经营工作中的公共关系浅析

以树立企业社会信誉 ,承揽更多任务为目的 ,对施工企业经营工作中公共关系的重要性进行了分析 ,并阐述了其产生的原因、作用 ,从而达到搞活、搞好企业的效果     

FixMyStreet Brussels: Socio-Demographic Inequality in Crowdsourced Civic Participation

FixMyStreet (FMS) is a web-based civic participation platform that allows inhabitants to report environmental defects like potholes and damaged pavements to the government. In this paper, we examine the use of FMS in Brussels, the capital city of Belgium. Analyzing a total of 30,041 reports since its inception in 2013, we demonstrate how civic participation on FMS varies between the ethnically diverse districts in Brussels. We compare FMS use to a range of sociodemographic indicators derived from official city statistics as well as geotagged social media data from Twitter. Our statistical analysis revealed several significant differences between the districts that suggested that crowdsourced civic participation platforms tend to marginalize low-income and ethnically diverse communities. In this respect, our findings provide timely evidence to inform the design of more inclusive crowdsourced, civic participation platforms in the future.     

城市公共绿地开发经营模式探讨

城市公共绿地在城市居民生活中扮演重要角色,然而政府用于建设公共绿地的资金已越来越不能满足社会的需求.所以,笔者从城市绿地开发的概念入手,通过分析总结典型案例,提出几种新的城市公共绿地开发经营模式,发动私人力量,公私联合建设管理城市公共绿地,尽量使城市公共绿地建设与受益相挂钩,减轻政府负担,形成新的符合市场经济发展的开发经营体制.讨论了新的开发模式中政府的职能与义务,提出相应的开发程序,就几个成功案例进行了详尽的分析.     

城镇"边角空间"的利用

通过对城镇建设过程中遗留的"边角空间"的形成过程的调查研究,分析了目前城镇"边角空间"设计利用中存在的一系列问题,提出以人为本、整体和谐、科学合理的设计原则,并且从功能性、装饰与美化和文化景观等不同角度考虑,做出了更人性化的"边角空间"的设计利用构想,促使城镇空间形态协调发展。     

中观尺度城市公共空间及其使用分析研究——以南京民国总统府长江路地段为例

中观层面城市会共空间及其使用的调研与分析需要秉持科学理性的态度。该文尝试以南京民国总统府--长江路地段为例，从会共空间自身与空间中的活动两方面出发对其现状和使用状况进行探讨．并在此基础上引发对中观层面城市公共空间调研和分析方法的思考。     

生态与人文的交融——哥本哈根人居环境建设探析

本文简要介绍并分析了哥本哈根城市中心区的服务设施体系建设、滨海中心区步行空间的改造与实施过程以及传统建筑的改造等方面人居环境建设的历程与思想,认为哥本哈根的城市建设无一不折射出生态与人文交融的历史传统与思维脉络,其思维方式对我国旧城改造、公共空间建设、传统建筑保护等城市规划工作具有一定的借鉴和参考作用。     

Risk of sick leave associated with outdoor air supply rate, humidification, and occupant complaints

We analyzed 1994 sick leave for 3,720 hourly employees of a large Massachusetts manufacturer, in 40 buildings with 115 independently ventilated work areas. Corporate records identified building characteristics and IEQ complaints. We rated ventilation as moderate (approximately 25 cfm/person, 12 ls-1) or high (approximately 50 cfm/person, 24 ls-1) outdoor air supply based on knowledge of ventilation systems and CO2 measurements on a subset of work areas, and used Poisson regression to analyze sick leave controlled for age, gender, seniority, hours of non-illness absence, shift, ethnicity, crowding, and type of job (office, technical, or manufacturing worker). We found consistent associations of increased sick leave with lower levels of outdoor air supply and IEQ complaints. Among office workers, the relative risk for short-term sick leave was 1.53 (95% confidence 1.22-1.92) with lower ventilation, and 1.52 (1.18-1.97) in areas with IEQ complaints. The effect of ventilation was independent of IEQ complaints and among those exposed to lower outdoor air supply rates the attributable risk of short-term sick leave was 35%. The cost of sick leave attributable to ventilation at current recommended rates was estimated as $480 per employee per year at Polaroid. These findings suggest that net savings of $400 per employee per year may be obtained with increased ventilation. Thus, currently recommended levels of outdoor air supply may be associated with significant morbidity, and lost productivity on a national scale could be as much as $22.8 billion per year. Additional studies of IEQ impacts on productivity and sick leave, and the mechanisms underlying the apparent association are needed.     

后疫情时代武汉住区绿地健康景观 调研及建设思考

新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)肺炎疫情引发了人们对公共健康深层次的思考。为了解武汉市居民对住区绿地景观与公共健康关系的认识、疫情前后住区绿地使用变化,以及对住区绿地健康景观建设的建议,2020年7—8月课题组开展了针对上述问题的调研。筛选武汉市2020年2月居家隔离期间15个首批“高风险”小区作为样本,采用“线上问卷+线下观察访谈”相结合的调研方法,发现:1)疫情前后,针对居民使用住区绿地的“频率”和“时长”,选择“增加”与“减少”的人数相当,与“无变化”人数比例近3:3:4;2)超半数居民解封后在住区绿地停留15min以上;3)住区绿地健康景观提升主要依托“绿地植物应用”和“健身设施及场所建设”;4)居民相对更喜欢开花的园林植物,并表现出了较明确的关于植物颜色、香型等的偏好。建议住区绿地健康景观应“关注住区弱势群体”需求,增加居民“全健康”效益,鼓励公众参与。最后指出研究的不足,并提出住区绿地健康效益有待全社会的关注和智慧贡献。     

BIM adoption by public facility agencies: impacts on occupant value

ABSTRACT

Many governments have begun to demand that large public facility agencies adopt and implement building information modelling (BIM) in their business processes. Some have published BIM guides. Most of these are technical specifications that are useful at the project level, but they provide no support for the organization-level adoption effort. On the basis of a literature review, action research and case studies of five large UK government facility agencies, a BIM adoption impact map (BIM AIM) is proposed. It describes a set of possible relationships between the actions taken by public facility agencies, the intermediate outcomes of their actions and the eventual achievement of value for the occupants of the facilities they build. BIM AIM can be used by public facility agencies with a wide variety of construction project types to analyse and visualize the strengths, weaknesses and opportunities in their BIM adoption efforts, potentially enabling them to focus on social impacts and outcomes rather than on the technological or management actions that intermediate stakeholders promote.